I roto i te umanga haurua-ira, ko ngā papa te rauemi matua e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mahi a te taputapu. Ko ō rātou āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-wera, me te hiko e pā tika ana ki te whai huatanga, te pono, me te whānuitanga o te tono. I roto i ngā kōwhiringa katoa, ko te hapaira (Al₂O₃), te silicon (Si), me te silicon carbide (SiC) kua noho hei papa e whakamahia whānuitia ana, he tino pai ia i roto i ngā momo hangarau. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ō rātou āhuatanga rauemi, ngā whenua tono, me ngā au whanaketanga ā muri ake nei.
Hapaira: Te Hōiho Mahi Tirotiro
He momo karaihe kotahi te hapaira o te waikura konumohe me te whatu hexagonal. Ko ōna āhuatanga matua ko te pakeketanga tino pai (te pakeketanga Mohs 9), te whānui o te māramatanga whatu mai i te ultraviolet ki te infrared, me te ātete matū kaha, he mea tino pai mō ngā taputapu optoelectronic me ngā taiao uaua. Ko ngā tikanga tipu matatau pēnei i te Tikanga Whakawhitinga Wera me te tikanga Kyropoulos, me te oro matū-mīhini (CMP), ka puta he anga me te taratara o te mata i raro i te nanometer.
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā papa sapphire i roto i ngā LED me ngā Micro-LED hei paparanga epitaxial GaN, ā, ka whakapai ake ngā papa sapphire tauira (PSS) i te pai o te tango mārama. E whakamahia ana hoki ēnei i roto i ngā taputapu RF auau-teitei nā ō rātou āhuatanga ārai hiko, ā, i roto i ngā tono hiko kaihoko me ngā tono rererangi hei matapihi tiaki me ngā taupoki pūoko. Ko ngā herenga ko te iti o te kawe wera (35–42 W/m·K) me te kore taurite o te whatunga ki te GaN, e hiahiatia ana he paparanga ārai hei whakaiti i ngā hapa.
Hiraka: Te Tūāpapa Hikohiko Maero
Ko te silicon tonu te poutokomanawa o ngā hikohiko tuku iho nā tōna pūnaha ahumahi kua pakeke, te kawe hiko ka taea te whakarerekē mā te tāpiri i ngā matū, me ngā āhuatanga wera ngawari (te kawe wera ~150 W/m·K, te ira rewa 1410°C). Neke atu i te 90% o ngā ara iahiko whakauru, tae atu ki ngā CPU, te mahara, me ngā taputapu arorau, he mea hanga ki runga i ngā papa silicon. Ko te silicon te nuinga o ngā pūtau photovoltaic, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā taputapu mana iti ki te reo pēnei i ngā IGBT me ngā MOSFET.
Heoi, he uaua te mahi a te silicon i roto i ngā tono ngaohiko teitei me te auau teitei nā te mea he whaiti te āputa roopu (1.12 eV) me te āputa roopu ā-kore, e whakawhāiti ana i te pai o te tukunga mārama.
Silicon Carbide: Te Kaihanga Auaha Mana-Tiketike
He rauemi haurua-whakatipuranga tuatoru te SiC, he whānui te āputa irahiko (3.2 eV), he nui te ngaohiko pakaru (3 MV/cm), he nui te kawe wera (~490 W/m·K), me te tere tere o te mākū irahiko (~2×10⁷ cm/s). Nā ēnei āhuatanga i tino pai ai mō ngā taputapu ngaohiko teitei, mana teitei, me te auau teitei. Ko ngā papa SiC ka whakatipuria mā te kawe kohu ā-tinana (PVT) i ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 2000°C, me ngā whakaritenga tukatuka uaua me te tika.
Ko ngā tono ko ngā waka hiko, ka whakapai ake ngā SiC MOSFET i te pai o te inverter mā te 5–10%, ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero 5G e whakamahi ana i te SiC haurua-whakamaroke mō ngā taputapu GaN RF, me ngā whatunga atamai me te tuku hiko tika-ngaohiko teitei (HVDC) e whakaiti ana i ngā ngaronga pūngao tae atu ki te 30%. Ko ngā herenga ko ngā utu nui (he 20–30 ngā wā te utu nui ake o ngā wafers 6-inihi i te silicon) me ngā wero tukatuka nā te tino pakeke.
Ngā Tūranga Tāpiri me te Tirohanga ki te Ao Whānui
Ko te hapaira, te silicon, me te SiC he pūnaha papaaho tautoko i roto i te umanga semiconductor. Ko te hapaira te rangatira o ngā optoelectronics, ko te silicon te tautoko i ngā microelectronics tuku iho me ngā taputapu mana iti-ki-waenga, ā, ko te SiC te kaiārahi i ngā hikohiko mana ngaohiko teitei, auau-teitei, me te tino whai hua.
Ko ngā whanaketanga ā muri ake nei ko te whakawhānui ake i ngā tono hapaira i roto i ngā LED UV-hohonu me ngā LED-iti, ka taea ai e te heteroepitaxy GaN e hangai ana ki te Si te whakarei ake i te mahi auau-tiketike, me te whakanui ake i te hanga wafer SiC ki te 8 inihi me te whakapai ake i te hua me te whai hua o te utu. Mā ēnei rauemi e akiaki te auahatanga puta noa i te 5G, te AI, me te nekenekehanga hiko, e hanga ana i te whakatupuranga hou o te hangarau semiconductor.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 24-2025