I te tau 1965, i whakamāramahia e te kaiwhakaū o Intel, a Gordon Moore, te mea i huaina ko te "Ture a Moore." Mō te neke atu i te haurua rautau, i tautokona e ia ngā pikinga pumau o te mahi a te ara iahiko whakauru (IC) me te hekenga o ngā utu—te tūāpapa o te hangarau matihiko hou. I roto i te poto: ka piki rua te maha o ngā transistors i runga i te maramara i ia rua tau.
Mō ngā tau maha, i whai te ahunga whakamua i taua tere. Ināianei kei te huri te āhua. Kua uaua haere te whakahekenga; kua heke iho ngā rahi o ngā āhuatanga ki te torutoru noa iho o ngā nanometer. Kei te raru ngā miihini i ngā rohe ā-tinana, i ngā mahi tukanga uaua ake, me te pikinga o ngā utu. Ka whakaitihia hoki e ngā āhuahanga iti ake ngā hua, ka uaua ake te whakaputa nui. Ko te hanga me te whakahaere i tētahi whare hanga matatau e hiahia ana ki te nui o te pūtea me te tohungatanga. Nō reira, he tokomaha e kī ana kei te ngaro te kaha o te Ture a Moore.
Nā taua panonitanga i huaki te kuaha ki tētahi huarahi hou: arā, ngā maramara iti.
He mati iti te maramara iti e mahi ana i tētahi mahi motuhake—he wāhanga noa iho o te mea i mua he maramara kotahi. Mā te whakauru i ngā maramara iti maha ki roto i te kete kotahi, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te hanga i tētahi pūnaha katoa.
I te wā kotahi, i noho ngā mahi katoa ki te mata kotahi nui, nō reira ka taea e te hapa i hea te whakangaro i te maramara katoa. Mā ngā maramara, ka hangaia ngā pūnaha mai i te "mata kua mōhiotia pai" (KGD), ka tino whakapai ake i te hua me te whai huatanga o te hanga.
Mā te whakaurunga rerekē—te whakakotahi i ngā mate i hangaia i runga i ngā pūnga tukanga rerekē, me ngā mahi rerekē hoki—ka tino kaha ake ngā maramara iti. Ka taea e ngā poraka rorohiko mahi-teitei te whakamahi i ngā pūnga hou, ko ngā ara iahiko mahara me ngā ara iahiko anaro ka noho tonu ki ngā hangarau pakari, whai hua. Ko te hua: he mahi teitei ake i te utu iti iho.
He tino hiahia te umanga motuka. Kei te whakamahi ngā kaihanga motuka nui i ēnei tikanga hei whakawhanake i ngā SoC i roto i ngā waka a meake nei, me te whāinga kia whakamahia whānuitia i muri i te tau 2030. Mā ngā maramara iti ka taea e rātou te whakarahi ake i te AI me ngā whakairoiro me te whakapai ake i ngā hua - ka whakanui ake i te mahi me te mahi i roto i ngā semiconductors motuka.
Me tutuki i ētahi wāhanga motuka ngā paerewa haumaru mahi pakari, ā, nō reira, me whakawhirinaki ki ngā pūnga tawhito kua whakamātauhia. I taua wā, ko ngā pūnaha hou pēnei i te āwhina taraiwa matatau (ADAS) me ngā waka kua tautuhia e te pūmanawa (SDV) e hiahia ana ki te nui ake o te rorohiko. Ka whakakīia taua āputa e ngā maramara iti: mā te whakakotahi i ngā pūmana iti o te akomanga haumaru, te mahara nui, me ngā whakaterenga AI kaha, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakarite i ngā SoC ki ngā hiahia o ia kaihanga motuka—kia tere ake.
Kei tua atu i ngā motuka ēnei painga. Kei te horapa ngā hoahoanga maramara ki roto i te AI, te waea pūkoro, me ētahi atu mara, e whakateretere ana i te auahatanga puta noa i ngā ahumahi, ā, e tere haere ana te noho hei pou o te mahere mahere haurua-ira.
Ko te whakaurunga o ngā maramara iti ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā hononga tere-teitei, kiato, o te mate-ki-mate. Ko te mea matua e āhei ai ko te kaiwhakawhitiwhiti—he paparanga takawaenga, he silicon te nuinga, i raro i ngā mate e arahi ana i ngā tohu, he rite ki te papa hiko iti. Ko te tikanga o ngā kaiwhakawhitiwhiti pai ake he hononga piri ake, he tere ake hoki te whakawhiti tohu.
Ka whakapai ake hoki te takai matatau i te tuku hiko. Mā ngā rarangi hononga whakarewa iti i waenga i ngā mate ka whakaratohia he ara whānui mō te iahiko me te raraunga ahakoa i roto i ngā wāhi kuiti, ka taea ai te whakawhiti whānui-rahi me te whakamahi pai i te rohe takai iti.
Ko te huarahi matua o ēnei rā ko te whakaurunga 2.5D: te whakanoho i ngā matihao maha ki te taha o te hononga. Ko te taahiraa e whai ake nei ko te whakaurunga 3D, e whakarārangi poutū ana i ngā matihao mā te whakamahi i ngā vias through-silicon (TSV) kia nui ake ai te mātotoru.
Mā te whakakotahi i te hoahoa maramara modular (te wehewehe i ngā mahi me ngā momo ara iahiko) me te whakarārangi 3D ka hua ake he haurua-ā-ira tere ake, he iti ake, he pai ake te penapena pūngao. Mā te whakanoho tahi i te mahara me te rorohiko ka tukuna he whānui o te whānui ki ngā huinga raraunga nui—he mea pai mō te AI me ētahi atu kawenga mahi teitei.
Heoi, he wero kei te whakarārangi poutū. Ka tere ake te kohikohi o te wera, ka uaua ake te whakahaere wera me te hua. Hei whakatika i tēnei, kei te whakatairanga ngā kairangahau i ngā tikanga tākai hou hei whakahaere pai ake i ngā here wera. Ahakoa rā, he kaha te nekehanga: ko te huihuinga o ngā maramara iti me te whakaurunga 3D e tirohia whānuitia ana he tauira whakararuraru - kua rite ki te kawe i te rama i te wāhi e mutu ai te Ture a Moore.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-15-2025