I roto i te oranga o ia rā, kua noho ngā taputapu hiko pēnei i ngā waea atamai me ngā mataaratanga atamai hei hoa tino nui. Kei te angiangi haere ēnei taputapu, engari kei te kaha haere. Kua whakaaro koe he aha te mea e āhei ai te whanaketanga tonu? Kei roto i ngā rauemi haurua-ira te whakautu, ā, i tēnei rā, ka arotahi tātou ki tētahi o ngā mea tino hira o aua mea—te karaihe hapaira.
Ko te karaihe hapaira, ko te nuinga he mea hanga mai i te α-Al₂O₃, he mea hanga mai i ngā ngota hāora e toru me ngā ngota konumohe e rua e honoa ana ki te taha kotahi, ka hanga he hanganga whatu hexagonal. Ahakoa he rite ki te hapaira kōhatu te āhua, ka whakanuia e ngā tioata hapaira ahumahi te mahi pai rawa atu. He koretake te matū, kāore e wairewa i roto i te wai, ā, he ātete ki ngā waikawa me ngā kawakore, ka mahi hei "whakangungu matū" e pupuri ana i te pumau i roto i ngā taiao uaua. Hei tāpiri, he tino mārama te tirohanga, e āhei ai te tuku mārama pai; he kaha te kawe wera, e ārai ana i te wera nui; me te whakamarumaru hiko tino pai, e whakarite ana i te tuku tohu pumau me te kore e turuturu. I runga i te hangarau, he pakari Mohs te hapaira o te 9, tuarua ki te taimana, he tino ātete ki te kakahu me te pirau—he pai mō ngā tono uaua.
Te Patu Ngaro i roto i te Hanga Maramara
(1) Rauemi Matua mō ngā Maramara Mana-Iti
I te mea kua anga whakamua te hikohiko ki te whakaiti me te mahi nui, kua nui haere te hiranga o ngā maramara iti-mana. Ka pāngia ngā maramara tuku iho e te pirau o te whakamarumaru i ngā matotoru nano, ka hua ake te turuturu o te au, te pikinga o te whakapaunga hiko, me te wera nui, ka whakararu i te pumau me te roa o te ora.
I whakawhanakehia e ngā kairangahau i te Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), te Chinese Academy of Sciences, ngā anga whakarewa hapaira horihori mā te whakamahi i te hangarau whakapūngao whakarewa-whakauru, e huri ana i te konumohe kotahi-kiriata ki te alumina kotahi-kiriata (hapaira). I te matotoru 1 nm, he iti rawa te rerenga o tēnei rauemi, e pai ake ana i ngā whakarewa amorphous tuku iho mā te rua ngā whakarea o te kaha i roto i te whakaiti i te kiato āhua me te whakapai ake i te kounga atanga me ngā semiconductors 2D. Mā te whakauru i tēnei ki ngā rauemi 2D ka taea ai ngā maramara iti-mana, ka roa ake te ora o te pākahiko i roto i ngā waea atamai me te whakarei ake i te pumau i roto i ngā tono AI me te IoT.
(2) Te Hoa Tino Pai mō te Gallium Nitride (GaN)
I roto i te mara o te haurua-whakawhiti, kua puta te gallium nitride (GaN) hei whetu kanapa nā ōna painga ahurei. Hei rauemi haurua-whakawhiti whānui-rohe me te āputa-rohe o te 3.4 eV—he nui ake i te silicon 1.1 eV—he tino pai te GaN i roto i ngā tono pāmahana teitei, ngaohiko teitei, me te auau teitei. Nā tōna nekehanga irahiko teitei me te kaha o te mara pakaru nui, he rauemi pai mō ngā taputapu hiko mana teitei, pāmahana teitei, auau teitei, me te kanapa teitei. I roto i te hikohiko mana, ka mahi ngā taputapu e hangai ana ki te GaN i ngā auau teitei ake me te iti o te whakapaunga pūngao, e tuku ana i te mahi pai ake i roto i te hurihanga mana me te whakahaere pūngao. I roto i ngā whakawhitiwhitinga ngaruiti, ka taea e GaN ngā wāhanga mana teitei, auau teitei pērā i ngā whakakaha mana 5G, e whakarei ake ana i te kounga tuku tohu me te pumau.
Ko te karaihe hapaira te "hoa tino pai" mō te GaN. Ahakoa he teitei ake tōna kore ōrite o te whatunga ki te GaN i tērā o te silicon carbide (SiC), he iti ake te kore ōrite o te wera o ngā papa hapaira i te wā epitaxy GaN, e whakarato ana i te turanga pumau mō te tipu GaN. Hei tāpiri, ko te kawe wera pai rawa atu me te māramatanga whatu o te hapaira ka āwhina i te tohatoha wera pai i roto i ngā taputapu GaN kaha-teitei, e whakarite ana i te pumau o te mahi me te pai o te putanga mārama. Ko ōna āhuatanga whakamarumaru hiko pai rawa atu ka whakaiti ake i te pokanoa tohu me te ngaronga hiko. Ko te whakakotahitanga o te hapaira me te GaN kua arahi ki te whanaketanga o ngā taputapu mahi-teitei, tae atu ki ngā LED e hangai ana ki te GaN, e whakahaere ana i ngā mākete rama me te whakaaturanga—mai i ngā rama LED o te whare ki ngā mata nui o waho—me ngā diode laser e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whakawhitiwhitinga whatu me te tukatuka laser tika.
Te angaanga GaN-i-runga-i-te-hapai a XKH
Te Whakawhanui i ngā Rohe o ngā Tono Ārahi
(1) Te "Paruparu" i roto i ngā Mahi Hoia me te Rererangi
I roto i ngā mahi hōia me ngā mahi rererangi, ka whakamahia ngā taputapu i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino kino. I te wāhi mokowhiti, ka taea e ngā waka rererangi te tu atu ki ngā pāmahana tata-kore-tino, te hihi nui o te ao, me ngā wero o te taiao korehau. I taua wā, ka pāngia ngā waka rererangi hōia e ngā pāmahana mata e neke atu ana i te 1,000°C nā te wera o te hau i te wā e rere tere ana, me ngā kawenga miihini teitei me te pokanoa hikohiko.
Nā ngā āhuatanga ahurei o te karaihe hapaira he mea tino pai mō ngā wāhanga nui o ēnei mara. Ko tōna ātete tino pai ki te pāmahana teitei—tae atu ki te 2,045°C me te pupuri tonu i te hanganga pai—ka whakarite i te mahi pono i raro i te ahotea wera. Ka tiakina hoki e tōna pakeketanga irahiko te mahi i roto i ngā taiao ao me te karihi, ka tiakina pai ngā hiko tairongo. Nā ēnei āhuatanga i whānuitia ai te whakamahinga o te hapaira i roto i ngā matapihi infrared (IR) pāmahana teitei. I roto i ngā pūnaha arataki pere, me pupuri e ngā matapihi IR te māramatanga whatu i raro i te wera nui me te tere kia tika ai te kimi i te ūnga. Ka whakakotahi ngā matapihi IR e hangai ana ki te hapaira i te pumau wera teitei me te tuku IR pai ake, ka whakapai ake i te tika o te arataki. I roto i te rererangi, ka tiakina e te hapaira ngā pūnaha whatu amiorangi, ka taea ai te whakaahua mārama i roto i ngā āhuatanga porowhita kino.
Ngā XKHmatapihi whatu hapaira
(2) Te Pūtake Hou mō ngā Kaiārahi Nui me ngā Hikohiko Moroiti
I roto i te kawe hiko nui, he mea nui te hapaira hei papa matua mō ngā kiriata angiangi kawe hiko nui, e āhei ai te kawe hiko kore-ātete—e huri ana i te tuku hiko, ngā tereina maglev, me ngā pūnaha MRI. Ko ngā kiriata kawe hiko nui-mahi e hiahia ana ki ngā papa matua me ngā hanganga whatunga pumau, ā, ko te hototahi o te hapaira ki ngā rauemi pēnei i te konupora diboride (MgB₂) ka taea te tipu o ngā kiriata me te kiato iahiko nui me te papa aukume nui. Hei tauira, ko ngā taura hiko e whakamahi ana i ngā kiriata kawe hiko nui e tautokona ana e te hapaira ka whakapai ake i te pai o te tuku hiko mā te whakaiti i te ngaronga pūngao.
I roto i ngā hikohiko moroiti, ko ngā papa sapphire me ngā aronga tioata motuhake—pērā i te papa-R (<1-102>) me te papa-A (<11-20>)—ka taea ai ngā paparanga epitaxial silicon kua whakaritea mō ngā ara iahiko whakauru matatau (IC). Ka whakaitihia e te sapphire papa-R ngā hapa tioata i roto i ngā IC tere-teitei, ka whakanui ake i te tere mahi me te pumau, ko ngā āhuatanga ārai me te whakaaetanga ōrite o te sapphire papa-A ka whakapai ake i ngā hikohiko moroiti ranu me te whakaurunga superconductor pāmahana-teitei. Ko ēnei papa te pou tautoko i ngā maramara matua i roto i te hanganga rorohiko me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mahi-teitei.
XKHāHeWafer lN-i-runga-NPSS
Te Anamata o te Tioata Hapaira i roto i ngā Pūwhakahaere Ā-Hau
Kua whakaatu kē a Sapphire i te uara nui puta noa i ngā hangarau haurua-ira, mai i te hanga maramara ki te rererangi me ngā superconductors. I te whanaketanga o te hangarau, ka whānui ake tana mahi. I roto i te matauranga horihori, ka akiakihia e ngā maramara iti-mana, mahi-teitei e tautokona ana e te sapphire ngā whanaketanga AI i roto i te hauora, te kawe waka, me te pūtea. I roto i te rorohiko irahiko, ka whakanohohia e ngā āhuatanga rauemi o te sapphire hei kaitono whai hua mō te whakaurunga qubit. I taua wā, ka tutuki i ngā taputapu GaN-on-sapphire ngā tono e piki haere ana mō ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero 5G/6G. I te heke mai, ka noho tonu te sapphire hei poutokomanawa o te auahatanga haurua-ira, e whakakaha ana i te ahunga whakamua hangarau o te tangata.
Te anga epitaxial GaN-i-runga-i-te-hapai a XKH
Ka tukuna e XKH ngā matapihi whatu hapaira i hangaia kia tino tika, me ngā otinga angiangi GaN-on-sapphire mō ngā tono matatau. Mā te whakamahi i te tipu tioata motuhake me ngā hangarau whakakanapa nano, ka whakaratohia e mātou ngā matapihi hapaira tino papatahi me te tuku tino pai mai i ngā hihi UV ki te IR, he mea tino pai mō te rererangi, te parepare, me ngā pūnaha taiaho kaha-teitei.
Wā tuku: 18 Paenga-whāwhā 2025