Ko Sapphire, te "whetu matua" o te whānau Corundum, he rite ki tētahi taitama ātaahua i roto i tētahi "hūtu kikorangi hohonu". Engari i muri i te tūtakitanga ki a ia i ngā wā maha, ka kitea e koe ehara i te mea ko tana kākahu he "kikorangi" noa iho, ehara hoki i te "kikorangi hohonu". Mai i te "kikorangi putiputi kānga" ki te "kikorangi kingi", he kanapa ia momo kikorangi. Ina whakaaro koe he ahua hoha te kikorangi, ka whakaatuhia anō ki a koe te kakariki, te hina, te kōwhai, te karaka, te papura, te māwhero me te parauri.
Hapira o ngā tae rerekē
Hapira
Hanganga matū: Al₂O₃ \ nTae: Ko te huringa tae o te hapaira he hua o te whakakapinga o ngā huānga rerekē i roto i tōna whatunga. Tae atu ki ngā tae katoa o te whānau korundum engari ko te rupi. Pakeke: Ko te pakeke Mohs he 9, tuarua ki te taimana. Kiato: 3.95-4.1 karamu ia henimita kūpiko \ nTaupū birefractive: 0.008-0.010 \ nKanohi: Mārama ki te āhua-mārama, kanapa karaihe ki te kanapa taimana iti. Pānga whatu motuhake: He pānga whetu te āhua o ētahi hapaira. Arā, i muri i te tapahi me te huri āhua-āwhata, ka whakaatahia te mārama e ngā mea iti o roto (pērā i te rutile), ka puta te hihi whetu e ono ki runga o te kohatu utu nui.
Hapaira Whetu-ono-pana
Ngā wāhi whakaputa matua
Ko ngā wāhi whakaputa rongonui ko Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Ahitereiria, Īnia me ētahi wāhanga o Āwherika.
He rerekē ngā āhuatanga o ngā hapaira i ahu mai i ngā whenua rerekē. Hei tauira, ko ngā hapaira i hangaia i Myanmar, Kashmir me ētahi atu rohe he titanium te tae, he kikorangi kanapa te tae, ko ngā hapaira i hangaia i Ahitereiria, Thailand me Haina he rino te tae, ā, he pouri ake te tae.
Te tīmatanga o te putunga moni
He tukanga uaua te hanganga o te hapaira, i raro i ngā āhuatanga whenua motuhake.
Te take o te hurihanga: Ina pā ngā toka whai konupora (pērā i te māpere) ki ngā wai whai titanium/rino, ka puta te kōrunuma i raro i te pēhanga o te 6-12kbar i te 700-900℃. Ko ngā whakaurunga "pānga weriweri" o te hapaira Kashmir te "tohu" o tēnei taiao pēhanga teitei.
Te pūtake o te makutu: Ka puea ake te makutu basaltic e mau ana i ngā tioata corundum ki te mata, ka hanga he putunga pēnei i a Mogu i Myanmar. He maha ngā wā kei roto i ngā hapaira i konei ngā whakaurunga rutiite, he mea whakarite kia rite ki te tauira "whetu".
Ko ngā whakaurunga rutile āhua pere i roto i ngā hapaira Mogok mai i Myanmar
Momo pegmatite: Ko ngā sapphire placer mai i Sri Lanka te "taonga tuku iho" o te pakarukaru o te pegmatite granite.
Kohatu taratara hapaira placer o Sri Lanka
Uara me te Whakamahinga
Ko ngā whakamahinga o te hapaira e horapa ana puta noa i ngā mara pērā i te whakapaipai, te pūtaiao, te mātauranga me te whakaaturanga toi.
Te uara o te kōhatu kohatu: E tino whakanuia ana te hapaira mō tōna tae ataahua, tōna pakeke me tōna pakari, ā, e whakamahia ana mō te hanga whakapaipai papai pērā i ngā mowhiti, ngā hei, ngā whakakai me ngā poroporo.
Ngā hapaira o ngā tae rerekē me ngā iona chromic
Te tikanga tohu: Ko te hapaira he tohu mō te pono, te pumau, te atawhai me te pono, ā, ko te kōhatu whānau mō Hepetema me te ngahuru.
Ngā whakamahinga ahumahi: Haunga te whakamahinga hei kohatu utu nui, ka whakamahia hoki te hapaira ki te hanga karāhe karaihe mō ngā wati me ngā rauemi matapihi mō ngā taputapu whatu nā te mea he tino mārō, he mārama hoki.
Hapira hangai
Ka hangaia te hapaira hangai i roto i te taiwhanga, engari he rite tonu ōna āhuatanga matū, āhua me te ā-tinana ki ērā o ngā kohuke tūturu.
Te hītori o te hanga/tukatuka hapaira
I te tau 1045, i tukatukahia ngā kōhatu kōhatu korundum i te pāmahana 1100°C hei tango i te tae kikorangi o ngā rupi.
I te tau 1902, i hangaia te kōrundum tuatahi i hangaia i roto i te hangarau e te kaimātai matū Wīwī a Auguste Verneuil (1856-1913) mā te whakamahi i te tikanga rewa mura i te tau 1902.
I te tau 1975, i whakamahanatia te hapaira geuda o Sri Lanka i te pāmahana teitei (1500°C+) kia kikorangi ai.
I te raumati o te tau 2003, i whakaputa a GIA i tētahi rangahau hou mō te horapa o te beryllium i roto i ngā rupi me ngā hapaira.
He tino aroha nui tō te Karauna ki ngā hapaira?
Karauna o Austria
He koura te angaanga, ā, he mea whakairo ki ngā pērara, ki ngā taimana me ngā rupi. Kei waenganui o te tihi o te karauna he hapaira kanapa rawa.
Karauna Hapaira me te Taimana o Kuini Wikitōria
He koura, he hiriwa te mea hanga katoa o te karauna, ā, 11.5 henimita te whānui. E 11 ngā hapaira i whakairohia ki te āhua urunga me te āhua manu, ā, he taimana kanapa tawhito i whakairohia ki te maina te mea i whakapaipaihia ki tēnei koha. He koha tēnei nā Piriniha Albert i hoatu ki te Kuini i te rā i mua i tōna marena i te tau 1840.
Te Karauna o te Emepaea o Peretānia
E rima ngā rupi, tekau mā whitu ngā hapaira, tekau mā tahi ngā emerara, e rua mano e ono tekau mā iwa ngā pērara, me te rua mano e ono tekau mā waru ngā taimana o ngā rahi rerekē kua whakapaipaihia ki tēnei karauna.
Ko te hapaira o te Emepara Maria o Rūhia Tsarist
I peitahia e te kaipeita Rūhia, a Konstantin Makovsky, tētahi whakaahua o Maria. I roto i te peita, e mau ana a Maria i ngā kākahu whakahīhī, ā, e mau ana i tētahi huinga hūtu hapaira tino papai. I roto i aua mea, ko te hei i mua i tōna kaki te mea tino ātaahua, he hapaira porowhita te taumaha, 139 karati.
He tino ataahua te hapaira. Ehara i te mea kāore e taea te whiwhi i tētahi. Heoi anō, ka rerekē te utu i runga i te tae, te māramatanga, te tikanga tapahi, te taumaha, te takenga mai me te mea kua whakatikatikaina, kāore rānei. Kia tūpato i te wā e hoko ana. Heoi anō, he tohu tēnei mō te "pono me te whakaaro nui". Kaua e whakapohehetia e taua "whetu mārama".
XKH'Rauemi kōhatu taratara hapira hangai:
Te pouaka mataaratanga Sapphire a XKH:
Wā tuku: Mei-12-2025