Ngā Matapihi Whatu Whakarewa: Ngā Āheitanga Kāore i te Waitohutia i roto i ngā Whatu Tika

I roto i ngā pūnaha whatu tika me ngā pūnaha optoelectronic, he mahi motuhake tā ia wāhanga, he mahi tahi hei whakatutuki i ngā mahi uaua. Nā te mea he rerekē ngā huarahi hanga o ēnei wāhanga, he rerekē anō hoki ō rātou maimoatanga mata. I roto i ngā wāhanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana,matapihi whatuhe maha ngā momo tukanga. Ko tētahi wāhanga iti e ahua māmā ana engari he mea nui ko tematapihi whatu whakarewa—ehara i te mea ko te "kaitiaki kūaha" anake o te ara whatu, engari he tinokaiwhakahoheo te mahi a te pūnaha. Kia tirohia tata atu tātou.

He aha te matapihi whatu whakarewa—ā, he aha i whakarewaina ai?

1) Whakamāramatanga

Ki te kī ngāwari, hematapihi whatu whakarewahe wāhanga whatu kei roto i tōna paparanga—he karāhe, he silica kua hanumi, he hapaira, me ētahi atu—he paparanga angiangi (he paparanga maha rānei) o te konganuku (hei tauira, Cr, Au, Ag, Al, Ni) kua whakatakotoria ki ōna taha, ki ngā mata kua tohua rānei mā roto i ngā tukanga korehau tino tika pērā i te mimiti, te pupuhi rānei.

Mai i tētahi whakarōpūtanga tātari whānui, ko ngā matapihi whakarewa hekāorengā "tātari whatu" tuku iho. Ko ngā tātari tawhito (hei tauira, te whakawhiti roopu, te whakawhiti roa) he mea hanga hei tuku, hei whakaata rānei i ētahi roopu hihi, hei whakarerekē i te hihi o te mārama. Hematapihi whatuhe rerekē, he tiaki i te nuinga. Me pupuri tonutuku terei runga i tētahi whānuitanga whānui (hei tauira, VIS, IR, UV rānei) me te whakaratote wehewehe me te hiri i te taiao.

He tika ake, he matapihi whakarewa teakomanga iti motuhakeo te matapihi whatu. Ko tōna āhuatanga motuhake kei roto i tewhakakonumohe, e tuku ana i ngā mahi kāore e taea e te matapihi noa te whakarato.

2) He aha i whakakoi ai i te konganuku? Ngā kaupapa matua me ngā painga

Ahakoa te ahua rerekē o te paninga i tētahi wāhanga mārama ki tētahi konganuku pōuriuri, he kōwhiringa mohio, he mea whai take. Ko te whakakoitanga ka taea ai tētahi, ētahi rānei o ēnei e whai ake nei:

(a) Parenga whakararuraru hikohiko (EMI)
I roto i te maha o ngā pūnaha hiko me ngā pūnaha optoelectronic, he ngoikore ngā pūoko tairongo (hei tauira, CCD/CMOS) me ngā taiaho ki te EMI o waho—ā, ka taea hoki e rātou te tuku i te pokanoa. Ka taea e te paparanga whakarewa tonu, e arahina ana i runga i te matapihi te mahi pērā i teWhare herehere o Faraday, e tuku ana i te mārama kia haere me te aukati i ngā āpure RF/EM kāore e hiahiatia, ā, ka pumau te mahi a te pūrere.

(b) Hononga hiko me te whenua
He ara hiko te paparanga whakarewa. Mā te whakapiri i tētahi taura ki roto, mā te whakapiri rānei ki tētahi whare whakarewa, ka taea e koe te waihanga ara hiko mō ngā huānga e mau ana ki te taha o roto o te matapihi (hei tauira, ngā whakamahana, ngā pūoko pāmahana, ngā irahiko) ka taea rānei te here i te matapihi ki te whenua hei whakakore i te hiko pūmau me te whakapakari i te parenga.

(c) Te hiritanga ā-pūmau
He tauira whakamahi matua tēnei. Mō ngā taputapu e hiahia ana ki te korehau nui, ki te hau kore mahi rānei (hei tauira, ngā ngongo taiaho, ngā ngongo whakarea whakaahua, ngā pūoko rererangi), me hono te matapihi ki tētahi kete whakarewa me tehiri pumau, tino ponoTe whakamahite whakakā, kua honoa te awhi whakarewa o te matapihi ki te whare whakarewa kia pai ake ai te mau o te matapihi i te here piri, kia mau ai te pumau o te taiao mō te wā roa.

(d) Ngā pūaha me ngā kopare
Kāore e hiahiatia kia kapi katoa te mata i te whakarewatanga; ka taea te whakatakoto tauira. Mā te whakatakoto i tētahi ārai whakarewa kua whakaritea (hei tauira, he porowhita, he tapawhā rānei) ka tino tautuhia tepūaha mārama, ka ārai i te mārama kotiti ke, ā, ka whakapai ake i te SNR me te kounga o te ahua.

Te wāhi e whakamahia ai ngā matapihi whakarewa

Nā ēnei āheinga, ka whakamahia whānuitia ngā matapihi whakarewa ki ngā wāhi katoa e hiahiatia ana:

• Te parepare me te rererangi:ngā kai rapu pere, ngā kawenga amiorangi, ngā pūnaha IR rererangi—ko te wāhi e kitea ai te wiri, te wera nui, me te kaha o te EMI. Ka kawea mai e te whakarewatanga he tiaki, he hiri, he parepare.

• Ahumahi me te rangahau kounga teitei:ngā taiaho mana-teitei, ngā pūoko matūriki, ngā tirohanga korehau, ngā tioata whakarewa—ngā tono e hiahia ana kia pakari te pono o te korehau, kia manawanui ki te irahiko, me ngā atanga hiko pono.

• Ngā pūtaiao hauora me te koiora:ngā taputapu me ngā taiaho kua whakauruhia (hei tauira, ngā ine rere) me hiri i te kōhao taiaho i te wā e tukuna ana te hihi ki waho.

• Ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te rongo:ngā kōwae muka-whatu me ngā pūoko hau e whai hua ana mai i te parenga EMI mō te parakore o te tohu.

Ngā whakaritenga matua me ngā paearu kōwhiringa

I te wā e tohu ana, e aromatawai ana rānei i ngā matapihi whatu whakarewa, arotahi ki:

1. Rauemi papa– Te whakatau i te mahi whatu me te mahi ā-tinana:

• Karaehe BK7/K9:he ohanga; e tika ana mō te mea e kitea ana.

• Te silica kua hanumi:te tuku nui mai i te UV ki te NIR; te CTE iti me te pumau tino pai.

• Hapira:tino mārō, ātete ki te rakuraku, ka taea te tu atu ki te pāmahana tiketike; he whānui te whakamahinga UV-waenganui-IR i roto i ngā taiao kino.

• Si/Ge:mō ngā roopu IR matua.

2. Āputa mārama (CA)– Ko te rohe kua oti te whakarite kia tutuki ngā whakaritenga whatu. Ko ngā wāhi whakarewa kei waho (ā, he nui ake i) te CA.

3. Momo me te matotoru o te whakarewatanga–

• Cre whakamahia ana mō ngā kōhao ārai mārama, hei turanga piri/whakapakari hoki.

• Auhe kaha te kawe hiko me te ātete waikura mō te whakapiri/whakapakari.
  Ngā matotoru noa: tekau ki te rau nanometer, kua whakaritea kia rite ki te mahi.

4. Tukunga– Te ōrau o te whakawhiti i runga i te roopu ūnga (λ₁–λ₂). Ka taea e ngā matapihi mahi teitei te neke atu i te99%i roto i te awhi hoahoa (me ngā paninga AR e tika ana i runga i te kōhao mārama).

5. Te herekoretanga– He mea nui mō ngā matapihi kua whakaparahia; e manatokohia ana mā te whakamātautau turuturu heriuma, me ngā reiti turuturu pakari pēnei i te< 1 × 10⁻⁸ cc/s(ā-iwi Ia).

6. Hototahi ki te whakapūmau– Me mākū te puranga whakarewa, me piri pai ki ngā whakakī kua whiriwhiria (hei tauira, AuSn, AgCu eutectic) ā, me tu atu hoki i te huringa wera me te ahotea ā-pūkaha.

7. Kounga mata– Te Rakuraku-Keri (hei tauira,60-40pai ake rānei); ko ngā tau iti ake e tohu ana i ngā hapa iti ake/mama ake.

8. Te āhua o te mata– Te rerekētanga papatahi, e tohua ana i roto i ngā ngaru i tētahi roangaru kua hoatu (hei tauira,λ/4, λ/10 @ 632.8 nm); he pai ake te papatahi o ngā uara iti ake.

Ko te mutunga

Kei te hononga o ngā matapihi whatu whakarewa ngā matapihi whatumahi whatumemahi ā-mīhini/ā-hiko. Kei tua atu i te tuku noa iho, e mahi ana heingā ārai tiaki, ngā whakangungu rakau EMI, ngā atanga ātete, me ngā piriti hikoKo te whiriwhiri i te otinga tika me whai rangahau ā-pūnaha: Me whai kawe hiko koe? He whakamahana kua whakakā? He aha te awhi whakahaere? Kia pēhea te kaha o ngā kawenga taiao? Ko ngā whakautu te mea e ārahi ana i te whiriwhiringa o te papa, te puranga whakarewa, me te ara tukatuka.

Koinei tonu te huinga ote tika o te tauine iti(ngā tekau nanometer o ngā kiriata whakarewa i hangaia) mepakari tauine-rahi(e tū atu ana ki ngā rerekētanga pēhanga me ngā huringa wera nui) e mea ana i ngā matapihi whatu whakarewa hei mea tino nui"Matapihi tino pai"—e hono ana i te ao whatu tairongo ki ngā āhuatanga tino uaua o te ao tūturu.