I te Wenerei, i panuitia e te Perehitini Biden tētahi whakaaetanga ki te whakarato ki a Intel he $8.5 piriona i roto i te pūtea tika me te $11 piriona i roto i ngā nama i raro i te Ture CHIPS me te Pūtaiao. Ka whakamahia e Intel tēnei pūtea mō āna hanga wafer i Arizona, Ohio, New Mexico, me Oregon. E ai ki tā mātou pānui o Hakihea 2023, e whakarato ana te Ture CHIPS i te tapeke o te $52.7 piriona i roto i te pūtea mō te umanga semiconductor o Amerika, tae atu ki te $39 piriona i roto i ngā whakatenatena hanga. I mua i te tohatoha a Intel, kua tohaina kētia e te Ture CHIPS he tapeke o te $1.7 piriona ki GlobalFoundries, Microchip Technology, me BAE Systems, e ai ki te Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA).
He puhoi te ahunga whakamua o te pūtea i raro i te Ture CHIPS, ā, i panuitia te tohatoha tuatahi i roto i te tau i muri i tōna whakamanatanga. Nā te puhoi o te tohatoha, kua whakaroahia ētahi kaupapa hangahanga haurua nui i te United States. I kite anō hoki a TSMC i ngā uauatanga ki te kimi i ngā kaimahi hanga whai tohu. I kī a Intel ko te puhoi o ngā hoko te take o ngā whakaroa.
Kua tohaina hoki e ētahi atu whenua he pūtea hei whakatairanga i te hanga haurua-haurua. I te marama o Hepetema 2023, i whakamanahia e te Kotahitanga o Europi te Ture Maramara Europi, e whakatau ana i te €430 piriona (tata ki te $470 piriona) i roto i ngā haumitanga tūmatanui me ngā haumitanga tūmataiti mō te umanga haurua-haurua. I te marama o Noema 2023, i tohaina e Hapani te ¥2 trillion (tata ki te $13 piriona) mō te hanga haurua-haurua. I whakatinanahia e Taiwana he ture i te marama o Hanuere 2024 hei whakarato i ngā whakatenatena taake mō ngā kamupene haurua-haurua. I te marama o Poutū-te-rangi 2023, i whakamanahia e Korea ki te Tonga he pire hei whakarato i ngā whakatenatena taake mō ngā hangarau rautaki, tae atu ki ngā haurua-haurua. E matapaetia ana ka whakatūhia e Haina he pūtea tautokona e te kāwanatanga $40 piriona hei tautoko i tana umanga haurua-haurua.
He aha ngā tūmanakohanga mō ngā whakapaunga whakapaipai o te umanga haurua-waenga (CapEx) i tēnei tau? Ko te whāinga o te Ture CHIPS he whakaoho i ngā whakapaunga whakapaipai, engari ko te nuinga o te pānga kāore e kitea tae noa ki muri i te tau 2024. I tērā tau, i heke te mākete haurua-waenga mā te 8.2%, ā, he maha ngā kamupene i whai i tētahi huarahi tupato ki ngā whakapaunga whakapaipai i te tau 2024. E whakatau ana mātou ko te tapeke o ngā CapEx haurua-waenga i te tau 2023 he $169 piriona, he hekenga 7% mai i te tau 2022. E matapaetia ana e mātou he hekenga 2% i roto i te CapEx mō te tau 2024.
I te whakaoranga o te mākete mahara me te pikinga o te tono mai i ngā tono hou pēnei i te matauranga horihori, e matapaetia ana ka piki ake ngā whakapaunga whakapaipai a ngā kamupene mahara nui i te tau 2024. Kei te whakamahere a Samsung ki te pupuri i te whakapaunga papatahi i te tau 2024 ki te $37 piriona engari kāore i tapahia te whakapaunga whakapaipai i te tau 2023. I tino whakaitihia e Micron Technology me SK Hynix te whakapaunga whakapaipai i te tau 2023, ā, kei te whakamahere kia tipu rua-mati i te tau 2024.
Ko te whare whakarewa nui rawa atu, ko TSMC, kei te whakamahere ki te whakapau moni tata ki te $28 piriona ki te $32 piriona i te tau 2024, me te toharite o te $30 piriona, he hekenga 6% mai i te tau 2023. Kei te whakamahere a SMIC ki te pupuri i te whakapaunga whakapaipai kia kore e neke, ko UMC ia kei te whakamahere ki te whakapiki ake i te 10%. E matapaetia ana e GlobalFoundries he hekenga 61% i roto i ngā whakapaunga whakapaipai i te tau 2024 engari ka whakapiki ake i te whakapaunga i roto i ngā tau torutoru e whai ake nei me te hanganga o tētahi whare hanga hou i Malta, New York.
I roto i ngā Kaihanga Pūrere Whakauru (IDM), kei te whakamahere a Intel ki te whakapiki i te whakapaunga whakapaipai mā te 2% i te tau 2024 ki te $26.2 piriona. Ka whakanui a Intel i te kaha mō ngā kiritaki whakarewa me ngā hua o roto. Kei te noho pūmau tonu te whakapaunga whakapaipai a Texas Instruments. Kei te whakamahere a TI ki te whakapau i te $5 piriona ia tau tae noa ki te tau 2026, ko te nuinga mō tana whare hanga hou i Sherman, Texas. Ka whakaitihia e STMicroelectronics te whakapaunga whakapaipai mā te 39%, ko Infineon Technologies ia ka whakaitihia mā te 3%.
E matapaetia ana ko Samsung, TSMC, me Intel, ngā kamupene e toru e whakapau moni nui ana, ka eke ki te 57% o ngā whakapaunga whakapaipai o te umanga haurua-waenga i te tau 2024.
He aha te taumata tika o te whakapaunga whakapaipai e pā ana ki te mākete haurua-ira? E mōhiotia whānuitia ana te pōturi o te mākete haurua-ira. I roto i ngā tau 40 kua pahure ake nei, kua heke te tere tipu ā-tau mai i te 46% i te tau 1984 ki te 32% i te tau 2001. Ahakoa kua heke te pōturi o te umanga i a ia e pakeke ana, kua eke tōna tere tipu ki te 26% i roto i ngā tau e rima kua pahure ake nei. I heke mā te 12% i te tau 2021 me te 12% i te tau 2019. Me whakamahere e ngā kamupene haurua-ira ō rātou kaha mō ngā tau e haere ake nei. Ko te hanga i tētahi whare hanga hou e rua tau te roa, me te wā tāpiri e hiahiatia ana mō te whakamahere me te putea. Nō reira, he rerekē te ōwehenga o te whakapaunga whakapaipai haurua-ira ki te mākete haurua-ira, e whakaaturia ana i raro nei.
2---Silicon Carbide: Te anga atu ki tētahi wā hou o ngā wafers
Ko te ōwehenga o te whakapaunga whakapaipai mō ngā haurua-ā-ira ki te rahi o te mākete kua ahu mai i te 34% teitei ki te 12% iti iho. Ko te ōwehenga toharite mō ngā tau e rima kei waenganui i te 28% me te 18%. I roto i te wā katoa mai i te tau 1980 ki te 2023, ko te whakapaunga whakapaipai te 23% o te mākete haurua-ā-ira. Ahakoa ngā rerekētanga, kei te rite tonu te ia o tēnei ōwehenga mō te wā roa. I runga i te tipu kaha o te mākete e tumanakohia ana me te hekenga o te whakapaunga whakapaipai, e matapaetia ana ka heke tēnei ōwehenga mai i te 32% i te tau 2023 ki te 27% i te tau 2024.
Ko te nuinga o ngā matapae e tohu ana i te tipu o te mākete haurua-waenga i waenga i te 13% ki te 20% mō te tau 2024. E matapaetia ana e tā mātou mātauranga haurua-waenga he tipu o te 18%. Mena ka rite te kaha o te mahi a te tau 2024 ki tā te mea e tumanakohia ana, ka piki ake pea ngā mahere whakapaunga whakapaipai a ngā kamupene i roto i te wā. Ka taea e tātou te tumanako ka kite i ngā huringa pai o ngā whakapaunga whakapaipai haurua-waenga i te tau 2024.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-08-2024