He karaihe kotahi te hapaira o te alumina, nō te pūnaha karaihe toru-wāhanga, he hanganga hexagonal tōna hanganga karaihe, he mea tito mai i ngā ngota hāora e toru me ngā ngota konumohe e rua i roto i te momo here covalent, he tino piri te whakaritenga, he mekameka here kaha me te kaha whatunga, ā, kāore he poke, he hapa rānei o roto o te karaihe, nō reira he pai te whakamarumaru hiko, he mārama, he pai te kawe wera me ngā āhuatanga pakari teitei. He whānuitia te whakamahinga hei matapihi whatu me ngā rauemi papa mahi teitei. Heoi, he uaua te hanganga ngota o te hapaira, ā, he rerekē te pānga ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana e rite ana mō te tukatuka me te whakamahi i ngā ahunga karaihe rerekē, nō reira he rerekē hoki te whakamahinga. I te nuinga o te wā, kei te wātea ngā papa hapaira i ngā ahunga papa C, R, A me M.
Te tono oHe anga hapaira C-papa
Ko te Gallium nitride (GaN) he haurua-whakakotahi whānui o te reanga tuatoru, he whānui te āputa o te roopu tika, he kaha te here ngota, he teitei te kawe wera, he pai te pumau matū (kāore e waikurahia e tetahi waikawa) me te kaha ātete-whakapāho, ā, he whānui ngā tirohanga ki te whakamahi i ngā hikohiko opto, ngā taputapu pāmahana me te hiko teitei me ngā taputapu ngaruiti auau teitei. Heoi, nā te teitei o te ira rewa o GaN, he uaua ki te whiwhi rauemi tioata kotahi rahi nui, nō reira ko te huarahi noa ko te whakahaere i te tipu heteroepitaxy i runga i ētahi atu papa, he nui ake ngā whakaritenga mō ngā rauemi papa.
Ki te whakataurite ki tepapa hapairame ētahi atu mata tioata, he iti noa te tere ōrite koretake o te pūmau whatunga i waenga i te anga hapaira C-plane (<0001> orientation) me ngā kiriata i whakatakotoria ki ngā rōpū Ⅲ-Ⅴ me Ⅱ-Ⅵ (pērā i a GaN), ā, he iti noa te tere ōrite koretake o te pūmau whatunga i waenga i ngā mea e rua me teNgā kiriata AlNhe iti ake te mea ka taea te whakamahi hei paparanga ārai, ā, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga o te ātete pāmahana teitei i roto i te tukanga whakatioata GaN. Nō reira, he rauemi papa noa mō te tipu GaN, ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga rama LED mā/kikorangi/kakariki, taiaho taiaho, pūoko infrared me ētahi atu.
He mea tika kia whakahuatia ko te kiriata GaN i whakatipuria ki runga i te papa sapphire C-plane ka tipu i te taha o tōna tuaka polar, arā, te ahunga o te tuaka C, ehara i te mea ko te tukanga tipu pakeke me te tukanga epitaxy anake, he iti te utu, he pumau ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū, engari he pai ake hoki te mahi tukatuka. Ko ngā ngota o te papa sapphire C-oriented e herea ana i roto i te whakaritenga O-al-al-o-al-O, ko ngā tioata sapphire M-oriented me A-oriented e herea ana i roto i te al-O-al-O. Nā te mea he iti ake te kaha here o te Al-Al me te ngoikore o te here i te Al-O, ki te whakaritea ki ngā tioata sapphire M-oriented me A-oriented, ko te tukatuka o te C-sapphire ko te whakatuwhera i te kī Al-Al, he māmā ake te tukatuka, ā, ka taea te whiwhi kounga mata teitei ake, kātahi ka whiwhi kounga epitaxial gallium nitride pai ake, ka taea te whakapai ake i te kounga o te LED ma/kikorangi kanapa tino teitei. I tētahi atu taha, ko ngā kiriata i tipuhia i te tuaka-C he pānga pōraritanga tūpono me te piezoelectric, ka hua ake he papa hiko kaha i roto i ngā kiriata (ngā Puna kuantum paparanga hohe), e tino whakaiti ana i te whai huatanga o te kanapa o ngā kiriata GaN.
Nā te mea he tino pai te mahi whānui, inā koa te tino pai o te whakawhiti, ka taea e te karaihe hapaira kotahi te whakarei ake i te pānga urunga infrared, ā, ka noho hei rauemi matapihi waenga-infrared pai rawa atu, kua whakamahia whānuitia i roto i ngā taputapu hiko hōia. Ina he papa porowhita (papa C) te hapaira A i te ahunga noa o te mata, he mata kore-porowhita. I te nuinga o te wā, he pai ake te kounga o te karaihe hapaira A-aronga i te karaihe C-aronga, he iti ake te nekehanga, he iti ake te hanganga Mosaic me te hanganga karaihe tino katoa, nō reira he pai ake te mahi tuku mārama. I taua wā anō, nā te aratau hononga ngota Al-O-Al-O i runga i te papa a, he nui ake te pakeke me te ātete kakahu o te hapaira A-aronga i te hapaira C-aronga. Nō reira, ko ngā maramara A-aronga te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana hei rauemi matapihi; Hei tāpiritanga, he rite tonu te pumau hiko o te hapaira A, ā, he teitei hoki ngā āhuatanga whakamarumaru, nō reira ka taea te whakamahi ki te hangarau hiko moroiti ranu, engari mō te tipu hoki o ngā kaiārahi tino pai, pērā i te whakamahinga o te TlBaCaCuO (TbBaCaCuO), te Tl-2212, te tipu o ngā kiriata superconducting epitaxial heterogeneous i runga i te papa hiato hapaira cerium oxide (CeO2). Heoi, nā te nui o te kaha here o te Al-O, he uaua ake te tukatuka.
Te tono oR /M papa hapaira papatahi
Ko te papa-R te mata kore-polar o te hapaira, nō reira, ko te panonitanga o te tūranga papa-R i roto i te taputapu hapaira ka hoatu he āhuatanga miihini, wera, hiko, me te whatu rerekē. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te papa hapaira mata-R te mea e pai ake ana mō te whakatakotoranga heteroepitaxial o te silicon, ko te nuinga mō ngā tono hiko whakauru semiconductor, ngaruiti me te microelectronics, i roto i te hanga mata, ētahi atu wāhanga superconducting, ātete ātete teitei, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te gallium arsenide mō te tipu papa momo-R. I tēnei wā, me te rongonui o ngā waea atamai me ngā pūnaha rorohiko papa, kua whakakapia e te papa hapaira mata-R ngā taputapu SAW whakakotahi o nāianei e whakamahia ana mō ngā waea atamai me ngā rorohiko papa, e whakarato ana i te papa mō ngā taputapu ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi.
Mena he takahi, mukua te whakapā atu
Te wā tuku: Hurae-16-2024