He Tirohanga Whānui mō ngā Tikanga Whakatipu Silicon Monocrystalline

He Tirohanga Whānui mō ngā Tikanga Whakatipu Silicon Monocrystalline

1. Papamuri o te Whanaketanga o te Monocrystalline Silicon

Nā te whanaketanga o te hangarau me te pikinga o te hiahia mō ngā hua atamai whai hua nui kua whakaū ake i te tūranga matua o te umanga ara iahiko whakauru (IC) i roto i te whanaketanga ā-motu. Hei tūāpapa mō te umanga IC, he mea nui te silicon monocrystalline semiconductor ki te akiaki i te auahatanga hangarau me te tipu ōhanga.

E ai ki ngā raraunga mai i te International Semiconductor Industry Association, i eke te mākete wafer semiconductor o te ao ki te $12.6 piriona, ā, kua piki ake te rahi o ngā tuku ki te 14.2 piriona inihi tapawha. Heoi anō, kei te piki haere tonu te hiahia mō ngā wafer silicon.

Heoi, he tino kukū te umanga anga silicon o te ao, ā, e rima ngā kaiwhakarato matua e whakahaere ana i te 85% o te wahanga mākete, e whakaaturia ana i raro nei:

• Matū Shin-Etsu (Hapani)

• SUMCO (Hapani)

• Ngā Wafers o te Ao

• Siltronic (Tiamana)

• SK Siltron (Kōrea ki te Tonga)

Nā tēnei hokohoko motuhake, he nui te whakawhirinaki o Haina ki ngā anga silicon monocrystalline kawemai, ā, kua noho koinei tētahi o ngā arai matua e whakawhāiti ana i te whanaketanga o te umanga ara iahiko whakauru o te whenua.

Hei whakakore i ngā wero o nāianei i roto i te rāngai hangahanga silicon monocrystal semiconductor, he mea nui te haumi ki te rangahau me te whanaketanga, me te whakapakari i ngā āheinga whakaputa ā-rohe.

2. Tirohanga Whānui o te Rauemi Silikoni Monocrystalline

Ko te silicon monocrystalline te tūāpapa o te umanga ara iahiko whakauru. Tae noa ki tēnei wā, neke atu i te 90% o ngā maramara IC me ngā taputapu hiko e hangaia ana mā te whakamahi i te silicon monocrystalline hei rauemi matua. Ko te hiahia whānui mō te silicon monocrystalline me ōna tono ahumahi kanorau ka taea te kī he maha ngā āhuatanga:

1. Haumaru me te TaiaoHe nui te silicon i roto i te kirinuku o Papatūānuku, kāore he paitini, ā, he pai hoki mō te taiao.

2. Te Ārai HikoHe āhuatanga ā-taiao te āhua o te silicon hei ārai i te hiko, ā, i te wā e whakamahanatia ana, ka hangaia he paparanga tiaki o te silicon dioxide, e ārai pai ana i te ngaronga o te utu hiko.

3. Hangarau Tipu PakekeNā te roa o te whanaketanga hangarau i roto i ngā tukanga tipu silicon kua tino matatau ake i ētahi atu rauemi haurua-ā-ira.

Mā ēnei āhuatanga katoa ka noho te silicon monocrystalline ki mua i te umanga, ā, kāore e taea te whakakapi e ētahi atu rauemi.

Mō te hanganga tioata, he rauemi te silicon monocrystalline i hangaia mai i ngā ngota silicon kua whakaritea i roto i te whatunga ā-wā, e hanga ana i tētahi hanganga tonu. Koinei te pūtake o te umanga hanga maramara.

Kei te hoahoa e whai ake nei te tukanga katoa o te whakarite i te silicon monocrystalline:

Tirohanga Whānui o te Tukanga:
Ka ahu mai te silicon monocrystalline i te konganuku silicon mā roto i tētahi raupapa o ngā mahi whakamahine. Tuatahi, ka whiwhihia te silicon polycrystalline, kātahi ka whakatipuria hei ingot silicon monocrystalline i roto i te oumu whakatipu tioata. Muri iho, ka tapahia, ka orohia, ka tukatukahia hei anga silicon e tika ana mō te hanga maramara.

Ko ngā papa silicon e wehea ana kia rua ngā momo:taumata photovoltaicmetaumata-haurua-iraHe rerekē te hanganga, te parakore, me te kounga o te mata i waenganui i ēnei momo e rua.

• Ngā papa whakarewa-hauruahe tino teitei te parakore tae atu ki te 99.999999999%, ā, me hanga kia kotahi-kiriata.

• Ngā papa whakapūmau-whakaahuakāore i te tino parakore, ko ngā taumata parakore kei waenga i te 99.99% ki te 99.9999%, ā, kāore he whakaritenga tino pakari mō te kounga tioata.

Hei tāpiritanga, me nui ake te maeneene me te ma o te mata o ngā papa whakarewa haurua-ira i ngā papa whakarewa haurua-ira. Nā ngā paerewa teitei ake mō ngā papa whakarewa haurua-ira ka nui ake te uaua o te whakarite me te uara o muri mai i roto i ngā tono.

Kei te tūtohi e whai ake nei te whanaketanga o ngā whakatakotoranga o ngā papa whakarewa haurua-haurua, kua piki ake mai i ngā papa whakarewa 4-inihi (100mm) me te 6-inihi (150mm) o mua ki ngā papa whakarewa 8-inihi (200mm) me te 12-inihi (300mm) o nāianei.

I roto i te whakaritenga o te silicon monocrystal tūturu, ka rerekē te rahi o te wafer i runga i te momo tono me ngā āhuatanga utu. Hei tauira, he maha ngā maramara mahara e whakamahi ana i ngā wafer 12-inihi, ko ngā taputapu hiko ia e whakamahi ana i ngā wafer 8-inihi.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te whanaketanga o te rahi o te wafer he hua o te Ture a Moore me ngā āhuatanga ōhanga. Mā te rahi o te wafer ka taea te tipu ake o te horahanga silicon ka taea te whakamahi i raro i ngā tikanga tukatuka ōrite, ka whakaitihia ngā utu whakaputa me te whakaiti i te para mai i ngā taha o te wafer.

Hei rauemi nui i roto i te whanaketanga hangarau hou, mā roto i ngā tukanga tika pēnei i te whakaahua-ipurangi me te whakaurunga katote, ka taea te hanga i ngā momo taputapu hiko, tae atu ki ngā whakatikatika hiko-teitei, ngā transistors, ngā transistors hononga bipolar, me ngā taputapu whakawhiti. He mahi nui tā ēnei taputapu i roto i ngā mara pēnei i te matauranga horihori, ngā whakawhitiwhitinga 5G, ngā hikohiko motuka, te Ipurangi o ngā Mea, me te rererangi, ā, koinei te tūāpapa o te whanaketanga ōhanga ā-motu me te auahatanga hangarau.

3. Hangarau Whakatipu Silikoni Monocrystalline

TeTikanga Czochralski (CZ)he tukanga whai hua mō te tango i ngā rauemi monocrystalline kounga teitei mai i te rewa. Nā Jan Czochralski i whakaaro i te tau 1917, e mōhiotia ana hoki tēnei tikanga ko teTe Kume i te Karaihetikanga

I tēnei wā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana te tikanga CZ i roto i te whakarite i ngā rauemi haurua-ira. E ai ki ngā tatauranga kāore anō kia oti, tata ki te 98% o ngā wāhanga hiko he mea hanga mai i te silicon monocrystalline, ā, 85% o ēnei wāhanga i hangaia mā te whakamahi i te tikanga CZ.

E paingia ana te tikanga CZ nā te mea he pai rawa te kounga o te tioata, he ngāwari te whakahaere i te rahi, he tere te tipu, ā, he tere hoki te whai huatanga o te whakaputanga. Nā ēnei āhuatanga i pai ai te CZ monocrystalline silicon hei rauemi e tutuki ai te hiahia nui, kounga teitei hoki i roto i te umanga hikohiko.

Ko te mātāpono tipu o te silicon CZ monocrystalline e whai ake nei:

Ko te tukanga CZ e hiahia ana ki ngā pāmahana teitei, he korehau, me te taiao kati. Ko te taputapu matua mō tēnei tukanga ko teoumu tipu karaihe, e whakangāwari ana i ēnei āhuatanga.

E whakaatu ana te hoahoa e whai ake nei i te hanganga o te oumu tipu tioata.

I roto i te tukanga CZ, ka whakanohoia te silicon parakore ki roto i te oko whakarewa, ka rewa, ā, ka whakaurua he tioata purapura ki roto i te silicon rewa. Mā te whakahaere tika i ngā tawhā pēnei i te pāmahana, te tere kume, me te tere hurihuri o te oko whakarewa, ka whakarite tonu ngā ngota, ngā ngota rānei i te atanga o te tioata purapura me te silicon rewa, ka totoka i te whakamatao o te pūnaha, ā, i te mutunga ka hanga he tioata kotahi.

Ka puta i tēnei tikanga whakatipu tioata he silicon monocrystalline kounga teitei, he whānui te whānui, he whakatakotoranga tioata motuhake.

Ko te tukanga tipu he maha ngā mahi matua, tae atu ki:

1. Te Wetewete me te UtainaTe tango i te karaihe me te horoi pai i te oumu me ngā wāhanga mai i ngā poke pēnei i te kuata, te karāpeti, me ētahi atu poke rānei.

2. Te Korehau me te RewaKa whakawetohia te pūnaha ki te korehau, ā, muri iho ka whakauruhia te hau argon me te whakamahana i te utu silicon.

3. Te Kume i te KaraiheKa tukuna te tioata purapura ki roto i te silicon rewa, ā, ka ata whakahaeretia te pāmahana o te atanga kia tika ai te tioatatanga.

4. Te Whakahaere i te Pakihiwi me te DiameterI te tipu haere o te tioata, ka āta aroturukitia tōna whānui, ka whakatikatikaina hoki kia ōrite te tipu.

5. Te Mutunga o te Tipu me te Whakaweto i te OumuKia tutuki te rahi o te tioata e hiahiatia ana, ka whakawetohia te oumu, ā, ka tangohia te tioata.

Mā ngā mahi taipitopito o tēnei tukanga ka waihangahia he monocrystals kounga teitei, kāore he hapa, e tika ana mō te hanga semiconductor.

4. Ngā Wero i roto i te Hanganga Silikoni Monocrystalline

Ko tētahi o ngā wero matua mō te whakaputa i ngā tioata kotahi-haurua nui te whānui ko te wikitoria i ngā arai hangarau i te wā o te tukanga tipu, inā koa ko te matapae me te whakahaere i ngā hapa tioata:

1. Kounga Kotahi-kiriata Kāore i te Taurite, me te Hua ItiI te piki haere o te rahi o ngā tioata silicon kotahi, ka piki haere hoki te uaua o te taiao tipu, ā, ka uaua ki te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te wera, te rere, me ngā papa aukume. Ka uaua ake te mahi ki te whakatutuki i te kounga pumau me te hua teitei ake.

2. Tukanga Whakahaere Kore PūmauHe tino uaua te tukanga tipu o ngā tioata kotahi-kirimana haurua-waenga, me te taunekeneke o ngā mara ā-tinana maha, ka kore e pumau te tika o te whakahaere, ā, ka iti ake ngā hua o te hua. Ko ngā rautaki whakahaere o nāianei e aro nui ana ki ngā āhuatanga makoropiko o te tioata, ko te kounga kei te whakatikatikaina tonu i runga i te wheako ā-ringa, ka uaua ai te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō te hanga moroiti me te nano i roto i ngā maramara IC.

Hei whakatika i ēnei wero, me whakawhanake wawe i ngā tikanga aroturuki me te matapae i te kounga o te tioata i te wā tūturu, i runga ipurangi, me ngā whakapainga anō hoki i roto i ngā pūnaha whakahaere hei whakarite i te hanga tioata kotahi nui kia pumau, kia kounga teitei hoki hei whakamahi i roto i ngā ara iahiko whakauru.