Porowhita Kua Whakakotahitia

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He mea nui ngā porotiti kuata kua whakakāhia hei whakahaere, hei whakahaere, hei huri i te mārama i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā pūnaha whatu mahi-teitei. He mea hanga mai i te silica kua whakakāhia tino-teitei, ka tukuna e ēnei porotiti he āhuatanga tuku tino pai puta noa i ngā whānuitanga hihi ultraviolet (UV), hihi e kitea ana, me te hihi tata-whero (NIR). Me te ātete wera me te matū tino pai, te kaha miihini tino pai, me te iti o te birefringence, he pai ngā porotiti kuata kua whakakāhia mō ngā tono nui i roto i te tirotiro hihi, te hihi laser, te whakaahua, me ngā taputapu pūtaiao.

Tukua mai he īmēra ki a mātou

Ngā Āhuatanga

Kauwhata Taipitopito

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He Tirohanga Whānui mō ngā Pīrama Kuata

Ko te kuata hanumi he momo kore-kiriata, he āhua kore-āhua o te hauhā silicon (SiO₂) e whakaatu ana i ngā taumata poke tino iti me te ōritetanga whatu pai rawa atu. Mā ēnei āhuatanga ka taea e ngā porohita kuata hanumi te mahi me te iti o te hē, ahakoa i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiao tino kino.

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Ngā Āhuatanga Rauemi o ngā Pīrama Kuata

Ka tīpakohia te kuata hanumi mō te hanga porowhita whatu nā te mea he āhuatanga ahurei ōna:

Tukunga Whatu TeiteiHe pai ake te whakawhiti mārama mai i te hihi ultraviolet hohonu (185 nm) mā roto i te hihi e kitea ana ki te hihi tata-infrared (tae atu ki te ~2500 nm), e pai ai mō ngā tono UV me te IR.
Te Pūmautanga Wera Tino PaiKa mau tonu te pono o te whatu me te miihini tae noa ki ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 1000°C. He pai mō ngā pūnaha whatu pāmahana teitei.
Te iti o te tauwehenga wera o te whakawhānui~0.55 × 10⁻⁶ /°C anake, ka hua ake he pumau āhua pai i raro i te huringa wera.
Te Parakore Tino Pai: I te nuinga o te wā he nui ake i te 99.99% SiO₂, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te poke o te tohu i roto i ngā pūnaha tino tika.
Te Ātete Nui ki ngā Matū me te Waikura: Ka ātete ki te nuinga o ngā waikawa me ngā whakarewa, ā, he pai mō ngā taiao matū kino.
Iti te BirefringenceHe pai mō ngā pūnaha tairongo-polarization nā te iti o te taumahatanga o roto.

Ngā Momo o ngā Pīrama Kuata

1. Porowhita Koki-Matau

HangangaHe porowhita tapatoru me te koki 90° kotahi, me ngā koki 45° e rua.
Mahi: Ka huri i te mārama mā te 90°, mā te 180° rānei, kei te ahunga me te whakamahinga.
Ngā tonoTe urungi hihi, te hurihanga ahua, ngā mata tirotiro, ngā taputapu whakahāngai.

2. Porowhita Weti

HangangaE rua ngā mata papatahi e koki ana tetahi i tetahi (pēnei i te poro pai angiangi).
MahiKa peka ke te mārama mā tētahi koki iti, tika hoki; ka taea te huri hei matawai i te hihi kia porowhita.
Ngā tonoTe urungi hihi taiaho, ngā whatu urutau, ngā taputapu ophthalmology.

3. Pentaprism

HangangaHe porowhita taha-rima me ngā mata whakaata e rua.
MahiKa whakahuri i te mārama mā te 90° ahakoa te koki whakaurunga; ka mau tonu te whakatakotoranga o te ahua.
Ngā tonoNgā taputapu tirotiro DSLR, ngā taputapu ruri, ngā karu whakatikatika.

4. Te Porowhita Kūkū

HangangaHe porowhita roa, whaiti, he āhua trapezoidal tōna.
MahiKa hurihia he ahua mā te rua o te koki o te hurihanga ā-tinana o te porowhita.
Ngā tonoTe hurihanga o te ahua i roto i ngā pūnaha tuku hihi, ngā ine whakawhiti.

5. Te Porowhita o te Tuanui (Te Porowhita a Amici)

HangangaHe porowhita koki-matau me te taha "tuanui" e hanga ana i te āhua-V 90°.
Mahi: Ka huripokitia, ka whakahokia te ahua, me te pupuri tonu i te aronga tika o ngā karu tirohanga.
Ngā tonoNgā karu tirotiro, ngā karu tirotiro, ngā pūnaha whatu kiato.

7. Te Porowhita Whakaata Tuanui Poka

HangangaE rua ngā porotiti koki-matau kua whakaritea hei hanga i tētahi takirua whakaata koki-pūmau.
Mahi: Whakaatahia ai ngā hihi e whakarara ana ki te ahunga taunga engari me te nekehanga taha, me te karo i te pokanoa.
Ngā tonoTe takai hihi i roto i ngā pūnaha taiaho, ngā rārangi whakaroa whatu, ngā ine whakawhiti.

Ngā Whakamahinga o ngā Porohita Kuata Whakakotahi

Nā te maha o ngā whakamahinga, ka whakamahia ngā porohita kuata hanumi i roto i ngā momo pūnaha whatu kounga teitei:

MatawaiE whakamahia ana ngā porowhita ōrite me ngā porowhita marara mō te mararatanga mārama me te wehenga roangaru i roto i ngā ine āwhata me ngā monochromator.
Ngā Pūnaha TaiahoE whakamahia ana ngā porotiti i roto i ngā mahi urungi hihi taiaho, te whakakotahi, te wehewehe rānei, ina he mea nui te paepae kino taiaho teitei.
Whakaahua Whatu me te MaikoropikoMā ngā porowhita koki-matau me ngā porowhita Kūkū ka āwhina i te hurihuri o te ahua, te whakarite hihi, me te whakapiko ara whatu.
Ngā Taputapu Ine me te TikaKua whakauruhia ngā porotiti Penta me ngā porotiti tuanui ki ngā taputapu whakarārangi, te ine tawhiti, me ngā pūnaha ruri whatu.
Whakaahua UVNā te nui o te whakawhiti UV, e whakamahia ana ngā porosimi kuata hanumi i roto i ngā taputapu whakaatu whakaahua.
Te Tātaritanga Whetu me ngā Karu WhānuiWhakamahia hei whakatikatika i te pekanga o te hihi me te aronga, me te kore e pā ki te pono o te tirohanga.

Ngā Pātai Auau – Ngā Pātai Auau mō ngā Pīrohi Kuata

P1: He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te quartz kua hanumi me te silica kua hanumi?
A: Ahakoa e whakamahia ngātahitia ana ngā kupu i ētahi wā, ko te "kuaraka hanumi" e pā ana ki te karāhe silica i hangaia mai i ngā tioata kuata tūturu, ko te "silica hanumi" ia he mea hanga mai i te hau silica hangai. He rite tonu te mahi whatu a ngā mea e rua, engari he pai ake te tuku UV o te silica hanumi.

Q2: Ka taea e koe te pani i ngā paninga ārai-whakaata ki ngā porohita quartz kua hanumi?
Āe, kei a mātou ngā paninga AR ritenga kua hangaia mō ngā awhe roangaru motuhake, tae atu ki te UV, te mea e kitea ana, me te NIR. Ka whakapai ake ngā paninga i te tuku me te whakaiti i ngā ngaronga whakaata i ngā mata prism.

Q3: He aha te kounga o te mata ka taea e koe te whakarato?
A: Ko te kounga mata paerewa ko te 40-20 (waru-keri), engari ka tukuna atu hoki e mātou he oro tino tika ki te 20-10, neke atu rānei, i runga i te whakamahinga.

P4: He pai ngā porowhita kuata mō ngā whakamahinga taiaho UV?
A: Ae. Nā te mea he tino mārama te hihi UV me te paepae kino o te taiaho, he pai rawa ngā porosimi quartz hanumi mō ngā taiaho UV, tae atu ki ngā pūtake excimer me ngā pūtake totoka.

Mō Mātou

He tohunga a XKH ki te whakawhanake hangarau teitei, te whakaputa, me te hoko i ngā karāhe whatu motuhake me ngā rauemi tioata hou. E mahi ana ā mātou hua ki ngā hiko whatu, ki ngā hiko kaihoko, me te ope taua. E tuku ana mātou i ngā wāhanga whatu Sapphire, ngā taupoki arotahi waea pūkoro, ngā uku, LT, Silicon Carbide SIC, Quartz, me ngā anga karaihe haurua-ira. Me te tohungatanga pūkenga me ngā taputapu hou, e tino matatau ana mātou ki te tukatuka hua kore-paerewa, me te whai kia noho hei hinonga hangarau teitei rauemi optoelectronic matua.